Tibetan paper boasts many unique qualities: it is strong, fold-resistant, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, insect-proof, and naturally acid-free. These exceptional features give it a remarkable advantage in preserving historical texts and cultural classics. In Tibet, many ancient scriptures and historical records printed on handmade Nimu paper have been perfectly preserved for over a thousand years.
Traditional Tibetan papermaking is an ancient and unique craft that carries the profound cultural heritage and historical memory of Tibet. Recognized as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage of China, this technique is not only a testament to Tibetan ingenuity but also a vital part of China’s rich and diverse cultural identity. Today, this timeless craft attracts global travelers and scholars seeking to explore the authentic spirit of Tibetan culture.
The history of Tibetan papermaking dates back to the mid-7th century, when Princess Wencheng brought papermaking techniques from central China to the Tibetan Plateau. According to the Old Book of Tang – Biography of Tibet, she arrived with a group of skilled artisans, including papermakers, introducing the craft to this mystical region. Over time, Tibetan craftsmen adapted and refined the process, developing a unique style of handmade Tibetan paper, now recognized as a vital part of Tibetan cultural heritage.
The process of making Tibetan paper is intricate and meticulous, involving multiple steps such as peeling, pounding, steaming, fermenting, washing, pulping, and sheet forming. The selection of raw materials is especially crucial. The primary material is Stellera chamaejasme, a high-altitude plant with mild insect-repellent properties. Artisans extract fiber from its roots, process and mix it with other plant fibers to form a pulp. Using a unique “pouring method,” the pulp is spread into frames, naturally dried, and finally polished with stones—resulting in tough, pure-white handmade Tibetan paper.
Tibetan paper is renowned for its unique properties. First, it boasts high strength and natural resistance to insects and decay, making it highly durable over time. Its soft texture, long fibers, and excellent ink absorption ensure that written or painted content remains vivid and unfaded. Additionally, Tibetan paper is gentle on the eyes, resistant to cracking, pressure, and folding, and offers a thick, resilient feel. These qualities have led to its widespread use in Tibet—for writing scriptures, painting Thangkas, and crafting various artworks and everyday items.
However, with the rise of modern papermaking technologies and shifting market demands, the traditional craft of Tibetan paper once faced the threat of extinction. Fortunately, thanks to strong government support, this ancient art has been effectively preserved and revitalized. Today, a growing number of young people are learning and inheriting Tibetan papermaking techniques, bringing new energy to its legacy. Tibetan paper is now widely used in cultural and creative industries as well as tourism, serving as a powerful medium for showcasing Tibetan culture.
Tibetan traditional papermaking is not only a testament to the wisdom of the Tibetan people but also a vital part of China’s rich and diverse cultural heritage. It reflects the historical evolution and cultural continuity of Tibet. Looking ahead, we hope this ancient craft will continue to thrive, gaining recognition and appreciation from people around the world. We also invite more individuals to join in the preservation and transmission of Tibetan papermaking, helping safeguard this invaluable intangible heritage.
